Word: top-down
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...masses without an adequate number of printing presses to provide them with texts. In any case, prior to the Age of Exploration and the Industrial Revolution, there would have been little a literate majority could have done job-wise. Innovation has, all along, been an elite-driven, top-down thing. For much of history, the task of the individual innovator, working for some entity, state or private, and with privileged access to the contemporary store of facts, has been to satisfy the planning requirements of a king or CEO or politburo. The rest of us were not consulted...
...SIDES OF MANUFACTURING The conventional approach is top-down: starting with large clumps of steel, wood, plastic, masonry and shaping them into the forms you want. Nanotechnology is, by contrast, bottom-up: stacking individual atoms into useful shapes. We know that the bottom-up approach is possible because that's what biology does, assembling proteins from individual atoms and molecules, putting them together to form cells and layering cells upon cells to form large, complex objects such as sperm whales and giant Sequoia trees...
...been a very organic process. Nobody has given us direction from the top-down," Wong says, adding that he hosted the first House website on his personal computer...
...their economies appeared to be stagnating. But with more information, your citizens simply know too much about the living standards, culture and alternative approaches of other societies. Since the world is not likely to get less complex and technological in the future, there is no reason to think that top-down, command-and-control methods are going to work any better than in the past...
...CEOS Top-down decision making will be too cumbersome, and golden parachutes too obscene, for the blistering 24-hour business day. A global team of quick-thinking experts will carry companies through the Internet age and beyond...