Word: top-down
(lookup in dictionary)
(lookup stats)
Dates: all
Sort By: most recent first
(reverse)
...gets all the resources and, if there's a breakthrough, all the credit. The Dresden Max Planck Institute takes a more laissez-faire--in fact, a more American--approach. Its faculties are modeled after U.S. universities in which postdoctorate researchers have better access to funding, doing away with the top-down approach. The Dresden institute is also aggressively trying to attract researchers from outside Germany. "We are adapting the U.S. system to Europe," says Kai Simons, director of the institute. "The big advantage the U.S. has is that it gives resources to young minds at an early phase...
...regularly confers with treasury officials from around the world in his role as a budget expert at the O.E.C.D. in Paris. What does modernizing a budget mean? Consider Sweden, which made the switch a decade ago during a deep economic crisis. The government slashed spending and adopted a "top-down" budget process. Previously, ministries...
...much work remains if the faculty is to swallow this review, especially if faculty perceive this review as a top-down effort concentrated in the hands of administrators, including Summers, who several current administrators say was chomping at the bit to get his fingers—but not his fingerprints—on the review...
Surowiecki's thesis posits an uncanny and generally unconscious collective intelligence working not by top-down diktat but rather in dynamic arrangements of what the economist Friedrich Hayek called "spontaneous order." Surowiecki cites the giant flock of starlings evading a predatory hawk. From the outside, the cloud of birds seems to move in obedience to one mind. In fact, Surowiecki writes, each starling is acting on its own, following four simple rules: "1) stay as close to the middle as possible; 2) stay 2 to 3 body lengths away from your neighbor; 3) do not bump into any other starling...
...like to work too hard or take decisions. You do that." It was a playful way of signaling that he intended to delegate operating management to his subordinates, and it marked a dramatic change for a company whose former leader, Percy Barnevik, imposed a rigid top-down culture...