Word: top-down
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...previously suppressed and excluded not only from academic discourse, but from mainstream America in general. They were part of a larger grassroots movement that produced civil rights for African Americans and women. The movement for Latino and Asian American studies at Harvard, by contrast, is not grass roots but top-down, spearheaded almost entirely by the officials of campus ethnic organizations and confined to closed meetings between stodgy administrators and frustrated student activists...
Giants begin to falter when their managers, swollen with arrogance and complacency, allow themselves to lose touch with their customers. This happens most often at firms that maintain a rigid, top-down management style. "Big companies find that the challenges of keeping up with what's going on in the marketplace become infinitely greater as the companies get larger," says Walter Scott, a professor at Northwestern University's Kellogg Graduate School of Management. "The layers of management and perks isolate executives too much...
...uniform will keep their sexuality largely private. They will simply stop living in fear that someone may find out and cost them their future. Those who might wish to be flamboyant or confrontational would probably not prosper regardless of sexual preference, because their personalities do not suit a top-down command structure. For the most part, gays seek to serve for the same patriotic and pragmatic reasons that heterosexuals do, and they tend to feel as deeply committed to the military culture as to their sexuality...
...Early staffing decisions that will set the tone of the Administration. Two key appointments: chief of staff, which will signal whether Clinton will follow a top-down or hub-of-the-wheel governing style; and Treasury Secretary, which must be someone who can reassure both financial markets and the Federal Reserve that Clinton will exercise discipline as he pursues economic reform...
...biggest challenge will be to shift from the top-down style of management that has characterized the company since Alfred Sloan to a more collegial style in which everyone from the shop floor to the executive suite participates in decision making. That is no longer a revolutionary idea among GM's rivals or industry at large. Ford developed its Taurus using nearly autonomous teams of workers, and Chrysler last year opened a mammoth $1 billion technical center that will bring together 6,000 technicians, designers and engineers to work on joint car projects. Perhaps not surprisingly, Ford and Chrysler have...