Word: top-down
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...TOP-DOWN CHANGE
Schools like Oprah’s Leadership Academy of South Africa operate on a top-down theory of change. They equip their graduates to act on the national and even international stage by guaranteeing tertiary education. In short, they prepare their students to be extraordinary. Oprah communicates such a mission to every viewer of her website before they can even click on the “mission” tab. The following series of questions greets every viewer of the school’s website: “How many Rosa Parks or Marie Curies have we lost to poverty...
...counterintuitive as it may seem, these two methods of educating girls in the developing world are complementary rather than contrary. Both the risky and the safe, the top-down and the bottom-up, the leadership academy and the village school are necessary to affect meaningful change in the developing world, be it economic or otherwise...
...terms that the Press uses to describe its project confront the standard top-down model of literary education. They call the creative interpretation of literature “intervention,” and teachers “facilitators.” “If this is a revolution,” says Doris Sommer, a Professor of Romance Languages and Literature and African and African American Studies, “it’s in the spirit of [Marxist thinker Antonio] Gramsci—of reformism through cultural practices, because it gets people to read and write...
...sophisticated as our partners inside,” Sommer says. “To show people that they’re already sophisticated or can be, just by making art, is part of the bridge that we’re making with the community. It’s not top-down. It’s really reciprocal...