Word: bottom-up
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...start bottom-up," says Hahrie C. Han '97, vice president of PBHA. "We begin by building relationships within the community and then structuring programs around them...
...coincidence that these same companies have been able to embrace the leading management trends of the past decade: flat organizations; bottom-up management; empowerment; customer-focused, just-in-time manufacturing, and total quality. These philosophies demand a flexible and dedicated work force not locked in battle with management. As a CEO put it, "This is not do-good stuff. This is the way you make money...
...other hand, embodies the principles of AI's breakaway faction, the so-called bottom-up school. Inspired more by biological structures than by logical ones, the bottom-uppers don't bother trying to write down the rules of thought. Instead they try to conjure thought up by building lots of small, simple programs and encouraging them to interact. Earlier in his career, Brooks helped put this approach on the AI map by building tiny, insectlike robots--"bugbots"--that wandered around his laboratory without the benefit of any single guiding program. Cog's "mind," similarly, is just a collection of loosely...
...intelligent agents. If anybody is likely to beat him to market, it's a former student of Brooks' named Patricia Maes, founder of the M.I.T. MediaLab's Autonomous Agents group and of Agents, Inc., based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Maes and her students have devised imaginative ways to use bottom-up AI to personalize information delivery--"your news" as opposed to "the news...
...meet them sooner than even these visionaries imagine. Within the next few weeks, in Kyoto, Japan, an ecobiologist and radically bottom-up computer theorist named Tom Ray will initiate an open-ended experiment he calls a "digital biodiversity reserve." A single, tiny, self-reproducing program will be loosed into a "virtual Internet" spread among hundreds of computers around the world. If all goes as earlier trial runs suggest, Ray's artificial "organisms" will quickly populate the network and begin to evolve...