Word: bottom-up
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...Obama organizations have sprung up around the state in recent months, drawing in thousands of supporters. "The brilliance of the Obama campaign is that it is very organic," said Dan Wofford, an Obama supporter and son of former Sen. Harris Wofford. "It's not without structure, but it is bottom-up." As campaign staff begins to arrive in the state, he said, "they are very mindful; they don't want to snuff out the grass roots with a layer of hierarchy on top of it, but they do bring in structure that helps nourish the grassroots movement...
...military may have embraced Sunni insurgents, but the al-Maliki government has been less enthusiastic. American officials say Sunni "concerned citizens" groups (a euphemism for armed groups that protect Sunni areas) are examples of "bottom-up reconciliation." The officials say the best way to keep the Sunni fighters from returning to the insurgency is to integrate them into official Iraqi forces, just as the Shi'ite militias have been. But many Shi'ite leaders see Sunni groups as a long-term threat--a fifth column within the armed forces. The distrust is so deep that many Sunni fighters injured...
...apparent progress raises two questions: First, as always, what's the catch? And second, if the progress is real, if the Sunni extremists have been routed, if Baghdad has been ethnically cleansed to the point of near pacification, if the bottom-up reconciliation efforts are gaining momentum, what is the U.S. military mission now? Why can't we start bringing home the bulk of our troops immediately...
...ites' traditional underdog status," he said. Actually, Crocker seems constitutionally averse to grand strategies attempted by outside forces. "One thing I learned a long time ago is, you don't go into someone else's complicated society fully armed with your own preconceptions," he told me. And Kilcullen's bottom-up tribal assumptions don't fit very well into the top-down struggle between the Hakims and Sadrs and their respective militias. As I reported two weeks ago, when asked if there was a U.S. military role in Basra, Crocker said, "Under a different set of circumstances, you might argue...
...don’t quite agree with Tolstoy, that leaders are nothing but the playthings of deterministic forces and chance,” Hyman said last year, “but there’s an enormous volume of bottom-up planning effort...