Word: tyrol
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Dates: during 1961-1961
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Despite Europe's growing international sentiment, old animosities remain, from the South Tyrol to Flanders, and might flare up again in time of stress. Economically, the biggest stumbling block so far to a fully integrated European economy is agriculture. Like the U.S., the Common...
Once again the delegates had come to the U.N. with a dizzying assortment of problems and causes, ranging from nuclear tests and Red China's demand for recognition, to apartheid, Algerian freedom, South Tyrol terrorism and the future of Ruanda-Urundi. Everyone was only too eager to dump all the issues on the U.N.'s desks, whether there was any real prospect of solution or not. But all the possible agenda items seemed to fade beside the loss of Dag Hammarskjold. Every delegate knew that the whole future of the U.N. as a meaningful force for peace...
Dissension has simmered in the Tyrol ever since the southern half was cut away from the Austrian empire at the peace tables of 1919 and given to Italy. The deal clearly violated Wilsonian principles of self-determination, since the overwhelming majority of Tyroleans did, and still do, speak German and consider themselves Austrian. Ever since Attila, invaders have swooped down into Italy through the Brenner Pass; but the annexation allowed the Italians to establish a defense line at the crest of the pass itself...
...hardly dry before Tyrolean extremists found cause for grousing. The Italians merged South Tyrol with Italian-speaking Trento province, creating a new, bigger "autonomous" Alto Adige province in which the Italians outnumbered the German-speaking citizens 2 to 1. The Tyroleans claimed Italians were given all the important government administrative jobs; German was neglected in the public schools and no longer recognized as an official language. Last year Austria took the Tyroleans' claims to the U.N., which directed Austria and Italy to get together and settle the problem. Two tries earlier this year failed, but in preparation...
Apparently the terrorists were not willing to wait. All week long the Tyrol's quiet villages rang with explosions, aimed principally at the vulnerable high power system. Twenty percent of Bolzano's electricity was knocked out in the first two days. Whole factories shut down. Cars belonging to pro-Italian Tyroleans were bombed. Only one man was killed, a road worker who was blown apart trying to unstrap a bomb from a tree along the Brenner highway. But police averted a major disaster when they discovered and defused a bomb only an hour before...