Word: tariff
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...their fortunes to the prosperous economies of the West, have begun to explore bilateral trade arrangements. Budapest, in particular, nurtures hopes of eventually joining the European Community. That remains years away, but a halfway step might be membership in the European Free Trade Association, which has special tariff agreements with the European Community. Such moves would come at the expense of traditional Comecon commitments. Given the glue that binds Eastern Europe -- including everything from heavily subsidized Soviet energy supplies and raw materials to inefficient plants unable to compete in world markets -- the dissolution of Comecon is certain...
...place something that Americans take for granted: a single marketplace in which goods, services and workers can circulate freely, and where competition can reward efficient enterprise. In 1957 the E.C.'s founding treaty promised just such a common market, but although member states dismantled intra-Community tariff barriers, they retained a bewildering barrage of regulations to restrict trade and curb competition. Although Western Europe has no immediate plans to create a common currency, E.C. countries have already made significant progress toward their goal of unstitching the area's patchwork quilt of protected national markets...
Under Customs rules, imported dolls are subject to a 12% import tariff, while toy soldiers are not. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia has now upheld Customs, reasoning that, like other dolls, GI Joe is "a representation of a human being used as a child's plaything." But for little boys everywhere, said Donald Robbins, the firm's general counsel, "GI Joe is still one of the guys...
...Naturally enough, in a dense and complex trading relationship, some issues are almost always simmering. Among the most sensitive is a long-standing U.S. complaint that Canada illegally protects West Coast fish processors. And by Dec. 6, the Reagan Administration must rule on the continuation of a punitive 35% tariff on imports of Canadian cedar shakes and shingles...
Roughly 70 percent of Canadian-American trade is already tariff-free, and the agreement will eliminate the remaining barriers over the next 10 years. The agreement also eases crossborder investment, installs new rules to govern trade for the service industry and gives the United States nondiscriminatory access to Canadian oil, gas and uranium...