Word: rna
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Cullen and his team were able to replicate the intricate process using lab mice. They started by identifying the tiniest components of the HSV-1 strain. In its latent stage, HSV-1 produces a single molecular product, called latency-associated transcript RNA, or LAT RNA. Unlike most messenger RNA, LAT RNA doesn't produce proteins, so scientists have never been able to determine LAT RNA's exact function. But by inserting the LAT RNA into mice, Cullen found that it breaks down into even smaller strands called microRNA. Researchers then discovered that it was the microRNA that blocked production...
...silent; in FXTAS patients, it's too active. "The gene produces up to 10 times more message than normal," explains molecular biologist Paul Hagerman of the University of California at Davis, who together with wife Randi has received an NIH grant to study the disorder. Over time, messenger RNA--the substance that transcribes genes into proteins--accumulates in the nuclei of brain cells, eventually poisoning them...
...authors found the proteins by using an emerging research method called RNA interference that eliminates individual proteins and elucidates their role by measuring the effect of their absence...
...eight Harvard researchers urged use of the technique for other human pathogens as well, writing that their experiment had demonstrated the “power” of RNA interference to find new forms of treatment...
...look at tumors for changes at the DNA, RNA and protein levels," says Dr. Gordon Mills, chair of systems biology at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. "It certainly gives us a way of looking at what is happening inside a tumor, and that's very exciting...