Word: rna
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...exquisitely complex chemistry of living things, no substances are more important than two that stand on the threshold between nonlife and life: ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). Nothing can live without some kind of RNA, and the kind of RNA it produces, which determines whether it will become an amoeba or a mammoth, is in turn determined by its DNA, the template of heredity. Last week two U.S. physician-scientists were named winners of the 1959 Nobel Prize ($42,606) in medicine for having synthesized giant molecules of RNA...
...York University, intensified his research on enzymes, the catalysts of life. In 1946 he had a brilliant post-doctoral student, Arthur Kornberg. Within ten years Dr. Ochoa and colleagues found a way to make an enzyme build up nucleic acids and, in effect, create a synthetic form of RNA. Brooklyn-born Dr. Arthur Kornberg, 41, graduated from the City College of New York at 19. Working for his M.D. at the University of Rochester, he picked up hepatitis, put the experience to good use by publishing his first paper ("The Occurrence of Jaundice in Otherwise Normal Medical Students") while still...
...Captain Leroy H. Dart Jr. and Master Sergeant Thomas R. Turner, the new wrinkle rests on facts about the cell's nucleic acids that were unknown in 1943. Biochemists are now sure that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) generally increases in human cancer cells; they suspect that ribonucleic acid (RNA) also rises. If the nucleic acid can be spotted under a microscope, it should be a tipoff to cancer...
...detect DNA and RNA, the Army team used acridine orange, a fluorochrome dye that easily unites with the nucleic acids and shines brightly under ultraviolet light. Result: the higher the cell's nucleic acid content, the more intense the fluorescence (green to yellow for DNA, red for RNA). After a few hours of training, a skilled cyto-technologist can spot malignant cells by the intensity of fluorescence he sees in his microscope...