Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1940-1940
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...border line between the living and nonliving hovers a mysterious invisible substance: the virus. Some scientists think the virus is the most primitive form of life; others insist it is a heavy protein molecule, with complex chemical reactions, a kind of crystal which exists as a parasite on living tissue. But whatever the nature of the virus, one fact is certain: it is the foe of all living things, from microbe...
...that he has ever seen a gene. High magnifications have shown distinct segments along the chromosome's length, but it is not certain whether these are bundles of genes, or whether the genes occupy spaces between the segments. It is generally assumed that the genes are single big protein molecules, but that is not certain either. And the mechanism of the genes' heredity control remains obscure...
Prizes. To Dr. Eric Glendenning Ball. 35, of Johns Hopkins: the Eli Lilly & Co. award of $1,000, given each year for distinguished research in biochemistry. Dr. Ball purified xanthine oxidase, an enzyme necessary for oxidation of food in the body; found it consisted of a protein fraction and a non-protein fraction containing phosphorus, nitrogen, Vitamin...
Then Dubos found in soil samples a spore-bearing bacillus which actually kills five kinds of pneumococcus; staphylococcus (the pus germ), streptococcus, the diphtheria bacillus. The killing agent is a non-protein substance which Dr. Dubos has isolated in crystalline form. One hundred-thousandth of a gram* of the stuff is enough to destroy a billion pneumococci in two hours...
Mazein is Corn Products Refining Co.'s trade name for zein, a protein substance which occurs in corn. Chemist William Bentley Newkirk of Corn Products has spent seven years making mazein into a successful plastic. He obtains it from gluten-a residue of starch manufacture which is ordinarily sold as hog & cattle feed at 2? per lb.-by extracting it with solvents, purifying and precipitating it. The resultant plastic, soluble in both paint solutions and water, is a sort of cross between casein and bakelite. Uses: buttons, laminated boards, high-speed printing ink ingredient, waterproof and oilproof varnish...