Word: novgorod
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Dates: during 1990-1990
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...federation, the Chuvash, Buryat, Kalmyk, Tatar, Mari, Komi, Yakut, Karelian and Bashkir autonomous republics, each the homeland of a distinct ethnic group, have all called for some form of separatism. Districts like the Irkutsk region of Siberia have adopted declarations of "equality and independence," and the city of Nizhni-Novgorod has petitioned the federation for special status...
...centuries, and it was a harsh rule. Mongol tax collectors beggared the peasantry, and occupied Russia remained completely isolated from what the West came to know as the Renaissance. One unexpected consequence: the devastation of southern Russia stimulated the growth of the north, of the trading center in Novgorod and the nearby town of Moscow...
...future metropolis was still an insignificant place. On the death in 1263 of Alexander Nevsky, who had defended Novgorod from the attacking Swedes and Teutonic Knights, the division of his lands gave the 500-sq.-mi. principality of Moscow to his youngest son Daniel. This son and his successors began buying and occasionally seizing more land, and unlike most Russian princes, they used primogeniture to preserve what they acquired. Ivan I, who became Grand Prince of Moscow in 1328, increased his territory fivefold, and the Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church moved his headquarters there...