Word: novgorod
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...stripped Athens of its empire. But the tactic caught on. Venice imposed sanctions against Bologna in 1270 in order to coerce them into buying their wheat instead of grain from Ravenna, and in subsequent centuries, the Hanseatic League tried trade bans against foreign adversaries like the Russian principality of Novgorod...
...shift in the way war is waged. Despite the rhetoric employed when we send our soldiers packing, we’ve come a long way from the ideal of war as a forging ground for masculine ideals: the moral enrichment found on Cato’s battlefields, the two Novgorod commanders vying to outdo one another in valor in “Alexander Nevsky.” Even in Vietnam, when these models of individual heroism largely broke down—no longer could one line up manfully, toe to toe with the enemy—American forces were still...
...There are significantly fewer tourists coming to Russia right now, and this is negatively affecting our sales," says Oleg Korotkov, director of Semyonovskaya Painting, a top Russian handicraft maker. Korotkov's company, which is based in the Nizhny Novgorod region of central Russia, seemed to be weathering the storm until the financial crisis finally struck him and his 70 employees around the end of January. Orders from within Russia have fallen fivefold, he says, while combined foreign and domestic sales have fallen 30% to 40% this year. "Our sales were supported through the end of the year just on inertia...
...Alexei Polikarpov, head of the Dyuna Nesting Doll Co., also based in the Nizhny Novgorod region, shares Korotkov's dim view of the government plan. "Realistically, I'm not sure that the funds will reach all of the factories," he says. But even if they do, not all of the country's handicrafts are produced in the small factories that dot rural Russia. In Sergiyev Posad, the historic home of the nesting doll, many people still paint dolls in their living rooms and kitchens. While the government says it aims to save a traditional Russian art form, the artisans...
...last month, though there didn't seem to be many takers. That's hardly surprising, of course: while banks and companies are laying off managers and white-collar staff by the hundreds, heavy industries are laying off blue-collar workers by the thousands. The GAZ auto works in Nizhni Novgorod has shut down its assembly lines; the giant Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works in the Urals has placed 3,000 workers on forced leave...