Word: mid-19th
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...technique, these images suggest such modern masters of collage as Kurt Schwitters or Max Ernst. But their "modernity" has as much to do with their obsessiveness as their means. Collage was not unknown in the mid-19th century-it was often used for greeting cards, decorative screens and the like-and Andersen was clearly one of the first men to use it as a possible language...
Temporal Sovereign. It has been the principle of church-state separation that has qualified U.S.-Vatican ties since the nation's birth. In the mid-19th century, the U.S. did have a minister-resident in Rome, because the Pope was then a temporal sovereign, governing much of central Italy as well as Rome. Since then, however, U.S. relations with the Vatican have been less formal. In 1902, William Howard Taft, then Governor of the Philippines, successfully sought the help of Pope Leo XIII in getting Spanish friars in the islands to release their landholdings for redistribution to the Philippine...
Global Thinking. David Oman McKay was the grandson of Scottish and Welsh immigrants, Mormon converts, who settled in Utah in the mid-19th century. Born near Ogden on a farm that he maintained until his death, McKay followed his father, a farmer-teacher, into education. But a turn as a church missionary in Scotland involved him ever after in church affairs, and by 1906, at the age of 32, he was called to membership in the Council of the Twelve Apostles, the church's governing body...
Russian involvement in Sinkiang dates to the Czars. In the mid-19th century, Alexander II sent troops into northwestern Sinkiang to quell a Moslem revolt. An 1881 treaty restored part of the area to China, but Russia retained a large hunk. Stalin expanded Soviet influence in Sinkiang by using Soviet consulates and cultural centers for propaganda. In 1944, Moslem rebels financed by Moscow set up the East Turkestan Republic in Sinkiang. Up to the time Mao Tse-tung won control of China, the Russians were trying to establish Sinkiang as an independent republic...
...pubs of mid-19th century England that wandering singers first came to be called buskers.* They were then best known for their obscene songs, but they gained respectability as they moved to the sidewalks and brought along their own touch of music-hall gaiety. George Bernard Shaw loved them. So did Actor Charles Laughton, who used to gather a group around him in their favorite pub, the Black Swan, and buy them sandwiches and a barrel of beer. Buskers basically are drifters, as Accordionist Tony Turco admits: "You have got to be a performer or else you are nothing...