Word: logo
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...known as the Sun Oil Co., a nearly century-old, publicity-shy Philadelphia family business. In the 1970s, the company decided to diversify and its image became hazy. In 1979, management asked the design firm Anspach Grossman Portugal (A.G.P.) to analyze the problem and give the new company a logo that would exude unity and strength...
Most small computers come supplied with a programming language called BASIC, for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. Written in the mid-'60s for Dartmouth College students, BASIC assumes a working knowledge of algebra and some technical computer jargon as well. Logo, by contrast, was created with grade-school children in mind. To keep things very, very simple for the user, Logo starts off with a handful of English words that the computer recognizes as commands to make it do things. The word PLAY, for instance, tells a properly equipped computer to play a musical note. Another...
...Logo's immediate result is it establishes a good first impression," says Seymour Papert, 59, the gray-bearded, South African-born M.I.T. mathematician whose theoretical work in the arcane field of artificial intelligence led to Logo. "It convinces the child that he can master the machine. It lets him say, 'I'm the boss.' " Says Dr. Sylvia Weir, a pediatrician who works with the Educational Computing Group at M.I.T: "People have usually considered the stupid thing in the classroom the child. Now the stupid thing, as it were, is the computer. And the child...
...teach the triangular Logo turtle a new command-in effect, to write a computer program-the child simply types the word TO followed by some step-by-step instructions. For example, here is a program that tells the computer to draw a circle on the screen...
...word END tells Logo that the definition is complete. Logo responds by typing CIRCLE DEFINED. The next time the computer sees the command CIRCLE, it will locate a copy of the definition and start executing the instructions it contains. Repeating the commands within the brackets, it makes one tiny right turn and takes one tiny step forward, 360 times in a row. This linking of 360 tiny straight-line segments, as any calculus student or Logo child will tell you, produces a perfectly acceptable approximation of a circle. CIRCLE can then be combined with other commands to produce flowers, faces...