Word: locarno
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...college officials expressed surprise and dismay at the news. The New York Times declared, "Let Locarno perish and the League of Nations fall, but the Big Three must and shall be preserved." It was not to be, however. W.J. Bingham '16, Director of Athletics "regretted the action" and pointed out what he felt lay at the root of Princeton's decision to break with Harvard. The "root" supposedly had to do with the college's feeling that the rivalry between the two colleges had become somewhat "aggravated" in the last few years. No one really understood what was meant...
Eden had a plan to offer. Recognizing that Russia fears a united Germany allied to the West ("I am not now going to argue whether those fears are justified"), Eden proposed that the four Geneva powers and Germany join a security pact on the Locarno model, each pledged to "go to the assistance of the victim of aggression, whoever it might be." Eden further proposed limits on the total forces on each side in Germany and the neighboring countries, to be checked by a system of "reciprocal control." Furthermore, playing to the Russian talk of a neutralized belt in Europe...
...committees on Germany-probably comprising the Big Four Foreign Ministers and the Germans-the U.S. will not yield to the Soviet call for a neutralized state. Nor does the U.S. intend to let itself be drawn into Sir Winston Churchill's original notion of "a new Locarno pact," for that would involve a formal new U.S. guarantee for the Communist frontiers...
...Locarno was universally hailed; Britain's Chamberlain, France's Briand and Germany's Stresemann all got Nobel Peace Prizes. For a decade, statesmen spoke glowingly of the "spirit of Locarno." Germans were delighted: "Germany, which two years ago was isolated, spurned beneath the victors' heels, and seemed the poorest ragamuffin in Europe, today . . . becomes a factor of might once more," crowed the Berliner Tageblatt. Reassured by German pledges of good behavior, 1) Britain and France withdrew all occupation forces from the Rhineland, which Germany promised solemnly to leave demilitarized; 2) the League of Nations admitted Germany...
...world's swift and calamitous change-the Depression, the rise of Hitler -passed Locarno by. In 1936 Hitler broke the pact by sending German troops into the Rhineland. Neither France nor Britain moved a muscle. Anthony Eden, then as now Britain's Foreign Secretary, while admitting that his confidence in Germany's word had been "profoundly shaken," told the House of Commons: "There is, I am thankful to say, no reason to suppose that the present German action implies a threat of hostilities. The German government speak ... of their 'unchangeable longing for a real pacification...