Word: counterplay
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Chess-playing computers generally use a brute-force approach. Looking four to eight moves ahead, they examine every possible play and counterplay and choose the move that minimizes their opponent's gain. The Cray, scanning 100,000 chess moves per sec., can usually come up with a winner. Hitech lacks the Cray's huge memory and powerful processors, but it makes up for that with speed and clever play. Long-term strategy, for example, is controlled by a program named Oracle, which was created by Hans Berliner, an artificial- intelligence expert and former world correspondence-chess champion...