Word: nutrients
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Clark copes somewhat better with Algy, but cannot quite hit off his incorrigibly cheeky lightmindedness. As a result, they appear as a set of almost interchangeably cheerful young men. Gretchen Kanne misses the hothouse bloom of Gwendolyn, who exists in and through Society like an elegant bacterium in its nutrient broth. (In the midst of an ineffably decorous cat-fight, Gwendolyn accepts a cup of tea from her rival with the aside, "Detestable girl! But I require tea!") (italics mine...
...Attitude. When Beadle and Tatum reported their success in 1941, they had quite a collection of defective molds, each needing some extra nutrient or having some other gene-controlled chemical ailment. In a few years their imitators filled their own laboratories with molds as unnatural as the most monstrous fruit flies. The coral fluffs of normal Neurospora are rare in the test tubes and Petri dishes. In their place are blackish warts, lichenlike incrustations, or sick-looking globules. One horrible kind of mold grown in a moving liquid floats in bunches with limp limbs like soft, dead crabs...
...methods, IGY scientists are studying ocean currents, including those far below the surface. One of them flows under the Gulf Stream in the opposite direction. Even deeper, slower currents flow away from the Poles, carrying icy water along the ocean bottoms toward the equator. This water is rich in nutrient salts, so whenever it comes to the surface, as it does off Newfoundland and Peru, the sea boils with life...
Water the Desert. Dr. Bonner does not think much of chemical synthesis of food or growing algae in nutrient solutions. Much more promising, he believes, is the irrigation of the world's deserts by freshened sea water. Such agriculture will be expensive, but it can be done if the need is great enough. Another potential resource is the ocean. Wild fish will never be a really large source of food, and the microscopic vegetation of the sea is too dilute for easy harvesting. But Dr. Bonner thinks that some algae-eating animal (a "sea-pig") may be domesticated...
Here, with Robbins now a member of the team, they explored the "roller tube" method of tissue culture. The simple idea was to place please of tissue in a test-tube with a special nutrient that would make the cells thrive. After observers had clearly established that the tissue cells were thriving on the nutrient tube, Robbins then injected a small amount of polio virus into the tube. To kill the tissue cells, the viruses would have to multiply in their experiments. Invariably, within one to five days the once-thriving tissue destroyed...