Word: developed
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Union's top nuclear scientist, cut off from all normal social contacts and followed at all times by a bodyguard. A theoretical physicist ranking with America's J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, he was the youngest person ever elected to the Soviet Academy of Sciences. After he helped develop the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb in the early 1950s, he became one of the country's most decorated men. But he remained unknown because his honors were bestowed in secret. In those years, Sakharov believed he had a useful function: "When I began working on this terrible weapon...
Similarly, the U.S. needs to revamp its technical assistance to poorer nations. In the past, development agencies have tended to promote pell-mell progress, leading many nations to conclude that environmental destruction is an integral part of economic advance. Senator Albert Gore, a Tennessee Democrat, advocates that assistance be refocused on "leapfrogging" technologies, like low-emission power plants, so that nations may better the lives of their people without repeating the mistakes of the industrial world. But to develop better technologies, says Harvard atmospheric scientist Michael McElroy, the U.S. will have to bolster its faltering science education...
...Planet of the Year issue, TIME invited 14 environment experts and policymakers to Alexandria, Va., for a one-day conference. Its aim was twofold: to take stock of the environmental progress that had been made around the world during the year, and to develop an agenda for the future. This special report sums up our conclusions -- and some proposals for action...
...suddenness of Poland's great leap may create new problems, even as it seeks to solve old ones. The country lacks economic institutions that took centuries to develop in the West: it has no stock exchange, no commercial banks, little experience in the rough-and-tumble of a free market. Barry Sullivan, chairman of the First National Bank of Chicago, wondered whether the Poles' eagerness will prove to have been "monumental courage or sheer folly." While none of the Americans doubted the commitment to reform at the top of the Polish government, some questioned how it would be received once...
Sakharov's clashes with four Kremlin leaderships over human rights, foreign policy and the morality of the nuclear weaponry he helped develop as a physicist sent him into forced exile in the Soviet city of Gorky, about 250 miles from Moscow...