Word: witwatersrand
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...leaders of these trekboers (wandering farmers) founded two independent republics, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. No one but the native blacks would have cared had not a rich diamond pipe been found at Kimberley in the Orange Free State and an immense stratum of gold at Witwatersrand ("the Rand") in the Transvaal. As largely British "Outlanders" poured into the Rand to mine the gold, Empire Builder Cecil Rhodes plotted an uprising against Transvaal President Paul Kruger. But a premature raid tipped Rhodes' hand, and the Boers armed...
...American bank loans which salvaged the South African economy. He personally owned 23 South African corporations (see Africa Today and Forbes). Engelhard served as an administrator of the migrant labor system which brutally separates black families. He was the only foreigner ever top sit on the boards of the Witwatersrand Native Labor Association and the Native Recruiting Agency, two government agencies which recruit cheap African labor to work in the mines (see Ruth First, The South African Connection...
...black South African gold miners. But upon closer examination, one finds it was not even simply a matter of "make your money and keep quiet" for Charlie Engelhard. More than any other American, Charles Engelhard gave direct political support to the Nationalist government. Engelhard sat on the boards of Witwatersrand Native Labor Association and Native Recruiting Agency, two South African government agencies which recruit cheap African labor to work in the mines...
...other in logical order. Now all that has changed. "We can no longer talk of a great chain of being in the 19th century sense, from which there is a missing link," says Phillip Tobias, 51, Dart's successor as professor of anatomy at the University of the Witwatersrand medical school in Johannesburg. "We should think rather of multiple strands forming a network of evolving populations, diverging and converging, some strands disappearing, others giving rise to further evolutionary development...
...more whites, though, saw Soweto as a warning that the artificial and unfair structure of South African society cannot be long endured. White students at Witwatersrand University−not widely known as a hotbed of youthful leftism−held demonstrations of their own in sympathy for the Soweto scholars; some of the university protesters wore placards saying WHY SHOOT CHILDREN? THEY ARE THE FUTURE and BLACK EDUCATION KILLS. In Parliament, the leader of the small opposition Progressive Party, Colin Eglin, accused the government's African administrators of "arrogance, indifference and rank incompetence." Eglin also demanded the appointment...