Word: trade
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...American Diplomacy (1959, rev. ed. 1962) saw the cold war less as a Western response to Soviet military and political aggression than as a result of American efforts to continue a long process of economic expansion in the form of an "informal empire" (based on a form of free trade known as the "Open Door policy"). Other scholars, notably Gar Alperovitz, Barton J. Bernstein, Walter LeFeber, Thomas McCormick, and Gabriel Kolko have illustrated the workings of open-door expansion in specific cases. Fortunately, the dynamics of Soviet polities have been sufficiently explored by Deutscher, Moore, Marcuse, Shulman, and Ulam...
...achieve two crucial objectives: (1) to provide a minimum standard of living for all Americans in a non-socialist but planned redistribution of wealth; and (2) to avoid the possibility of being drawn into foreign wars which did not directly threaten our survival. By renouncing Cordell Hull's trade-expansion policy, the United States could cut back on expensive military and naval forces which could not defend our commercial interests abroad in any case). We would then be free to choose whether or not to intervene in foreign disputes on grounds of national interest rather than economic necessity...
Nearly two years of sporadic strikes, riots, sinking trade balances, a franc devaluation and other troubles led French Economist Jean-Marie Albertini to invent a Monopoly-like game called Ec-oplany. In it, players assume the role of finance ministers and try to outwit each other at running a national economy. By rolling dice, each participant is tossed from recessions to failing harvests to baby booms. Unless he learns quickly, a novice will find himself strikebound, bankrupt or on the verge of civil war in no time...
...seemed a contradictory mixture of liberal and conservative impulses. From a liberal point of view, the record of Nixon's first year is probably better than his poor public relations and awkward rhetoric would indicate. At year's end, the Administration saved its "Philadelphia Plan," designed to open construction trade unions to thousands more black workers (see BUSINESS). His bold welfare reform for the first time proposed a policy of guaranteed annual wages combined with a work incentive. His draft reform, instituting selection by lottery, brought a new equity to the Selective Service system. He won liberal applause for ending...
...much of the Japanese competition is unfair. They say that Japanese manufacturers earn high profits selling in a home market that is virtually closed to foreign competition, then use these profits to subsidize cut-price export sales. The Japanese exporters also get more government help. JETRO, a government-financed trade-promotion agency, conducts extensive surveys that the Germans say pinpoint markets vulnerable to Japanese salesmanship. The Japanese reply that the Germans have simply been complacent...