Word: solarized
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Dates: during 1960-1960
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Cameras & Beacons. Tiros I is drum-shaped (diameter 42 in., height 19 in.), and is spangled on top and sides with 9,000 small solar cells that yield about 19 watts of electricity to keep its storage batteries charged. From its top and bottom jut five radio antennas and the lenses of two TV cameras. The inside is packed with micro-miniaturized electronic equipment that can seemingly perform miracles...
...spin from 136 to 12 revolutions per minute. This strikingly simple trick, like a whirling skater slowing his spin by raising his arms, made photography possible. Two beacon radios called out the satellite's position, reported its inside temperatures and the condition of the apparatus on board. Solar cells topped off the batteries. Nine small instruments observed the bearing of the sun, and another reported the position of the earth's horizon...
Some scientists suspect that the ever-increasing amount of fossil fuel that is burned may be increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They fear that the added CO-will have a "greenhouse effect," trapping solar heat at the earth's surface and raising its temperature. The result may be unpleasant changes of climate, including deserts in many places that are now fertile, and a disastrous rise of sea level because of melting icecaps. A cure might be a world agreement to use nuclear reactors wherever possible. They excrete...
Pioneer's report, after covering the first million miles of its 500 million-mile orbit around the sun: "Everything is fine." Its internal temperature is 68° F., slightly lower than the standard temperature of a U.S. living room. The four paddles that collect solar energy for its radio are colder: 27° F. Eighty-seven slight impacts from , micrometeorites and five heavier ones were registered, but nothing really damaging. Other data will take months to interpret. Eventually they will tell about cosmic rays, magnetic fields and other space conditions between the earth and the orbit of Venus...
Vanguard's second virtue is the solar battery that has kept its small radio beeping steadily, long after bigger satellites lost their voices. Tracked by its radio signals, the "grapefruit's" motions in its orbit have given invaluable information about the earth's slightly bumpy gravitational field, and about the shape of the earth itself. Last week another bit of information came down from the little satellite. There was a slight, unexplained wandering in its long-studied orbit. After much calculation, Dr. Peter Munsen and other orbit experts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration reached their...