Word: snelling
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Dates: during 1980-1980
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...prizes, nearly triple the number of its closest challenger, Britain, with 47. Two weeks ago, the literature prize went to Polish-born Poet Czeslaw Milosz, 69, now a U.S. citizen, and the medicine prize to three immunologists, Jean Dausset, 63 (France), George Snell, 76 (U.S.), and Baruj Benacerraf, 59 (U.S.). Last week Americans took five awards: two for physics, two for chemistry, one for economics. The other two went to a Briton and an Argentine...
...defends itself against external agents and maintains its internal wellbeing. The prediction proved wrong-but only by twelve months. Last week Sweden's Karolinska Institute announced that the 1980 award, worth $212,000, will be shared by three pioneering immunologists: Jean Dausset of France and two Americans, George Snell and Baruj Benacerraf...
...three, working independently, have been studying a group of genes that are intimately linked to the body's immune response. Snell, 76, of the Jackson Laboratory at Bar Harbor, Me., laid the groundwork with studies using mice. Attempting to transplant first tumor cells and then normal tissue, he discovered that the success of the operations depended on protein molecules on the surface of cells. These proteins, called antigens, have characteristic shapes and structures, but combinations differ from individual to individual. Snell found that the more antigens the subjects had in common, the more likely was the graft to take...
...Snell's and Dausset's discoveries have led to better matching of donor organs with recipients. Further, since the HLA molecules give everyone except identical twins a unique biochemical profile, HLA "typing" has become a major tool in forensic medicine. It has helped identify rapists through semen stains, and in one paternity case it showed that a pair of fraternal twins were sired by different fathers. Researchers have found that certain HLA groupings are associated with particular diseases, including multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Through HLA typing, it may one day be possible to tell an individual what...
...lived up to the billing. His controversial decisions include a 1978 ruling that under a technicality in a state law, pistols were not firearms, and thus carrying a concealed pistol was not an offense. Such actions have won him a nickname: "Let-'Em-Go Joe." In the Snell case, Durant maintains that "the state was having trouble finding witnesses," and that without plea bargaining Snell might have gone scot free. Not so, insists Dade County Assistant State Attorney Leonard Glick: "I told the judge I had my witnesses." During Snell's sentencing, Glick protested so vehemently that Durant...