Word: shockley
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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William B. Shockley. Nobel Prize winner in physics from Stanford University, was prevented from speaking at Dartmouth College when 25 students applauded so loudly he could not be heard. Although Shockley specializes in semi-conductors and invented the junction transistor, his paper dealt with the hereditary factors in intelligence, and was called "Offset Analysis of Racial Differences...
...make comparisons. We don't know what the differences are between different racial groups and there is a strong prejudice against finding out. Suppose you made a study to determine if there are differences between the brains of whites and Negroes and proved it?" Nobel Laureate William Shockley, a solid-state physicist, drew outraged reaction from the scientific community when he charged that "inverted liberalism" raises taboos against research into man's genetic intellectual differences and "paralyzes the ability to doubt...
...without wondering if, in fact, there are differences in the genetic makeup of races. If there are such differences with respect to athletic ability, there may well be differences in other characteristics, characteristics that may be contributing to the ghetto problem. If there is any prejudice with respect to Shockley's theories, it is on the part of those who refuse to admit that they may be worth investigating. Those who becloud the issue by crying "prejudice" are not unlike their counterparts of a few centuries ago who accused Galileo of being a heretic for questioning the approved "facts...
...Critics of Professor Shockley [Feb. 3] unjustly claim that he seeks evidence for Negro inferiority to foster racial bias. There may be biological as well as environmental bases for social problems involving many individual Negroes. It may be that one means to equality of achievement for Negroes as a "racial" group is biological, i.e., by positive eugenics or by biological engineering when means are developed. Social actions are being taken on the basis of whether persons are white or Negro rather than on the basis of their individuality, and actions are being taken on the assumption that if environments...
...many scientists agree with University of California Psychologist David Krech, who insists that it is the difficulty involved in measuring racial differences, rather than any taboo, that is responsible for the lack of evidence that Shockley demands. In any such research, says Krech, there must be the fundamental assumption: "If all other conditions are equal." At present, he adds, there is no such situation between large groups of Negroes and whites in America...