Word: shapley
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...known best to pre-med students: residency matching. After their residency interviews, graduating medical students submit rank-order lists of programs to a centralized matching service, the National Residency Matching Program, which optimizes pairings with the rankings of applicants submitted by individual residency programs. The NRMP utilizes the Gale-Shapley algorithm, introduced to solve the canonical “stable marriage problem.” In this algorithm, pairings between parties are optimized such that all possibility of “infidelity” in matches is precluded, so no spouse wants to defect from the arranged nuptials?...
...voracious consumer of puzzles and a brilliant mathematician, University of California professor David Gale was so passionate about math that he dreamed of creating an interactive museum dedicated to the subject. But he is best known for the matching algorithm he created with colleague Lloyd Shapley that was first applied to romantic pairs: an elegant method to determine couples in which both partners prefer each other to other members of a group. Among several applications, the algorithm has since been used to match students to high schools and helped establish the protocol still used to assign new doctors to hospital...
...construction crews work across the region, but home is Hildale, Utah, and neighboring Colorado City, Arizona, two ramshackle settlements 40 miles from St. George and set on a high prairie in a glorious mountain setting. For every tongue-tied Merril Shapley who has chosen to stay, there are other boys, perhaps as many as 1,000 or more, who have been cast into exile for offenses as trivial as acting out or watching forbidden movies. Dubbed the "Lost Boys," - exiled boys far outnumber girls - they live in low rent apartments or on the street, in the backs of cars...
...Shapley's cousin, 17-year-old John Smith [a pseudonym at his request since he has family in Hildale] was expelled three years ago - an elder brother, one of 12 siblings, came to him one day after work and told him and his 13-year-old brother to pack their things and go. "I was kicked out for being a teenager," Smith said. He and other kids would buy small televisions and build huts or underground hideaways in the mountains where they would watch movies. Their behavior - much of it typical for teenagers "in the world," as they call...
Smith does not like to be called a "Lost Boy." He and his fellow exiles, including his 16-year-old girlfriend, call themselves the "kids from the creek" - a reference to Short Creek, which runs through the border community. He has been working, like his cousin Shapley, as a framer since he was 13. "I know how to work; people from the world would be probably be more lost than us if they had to," Smith said. Now, he works for a non-FLDS construction company, sharing an apartment with several other exiles. "I spend my money on cars, bikes...