Word: selenium
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Cavendish Laboratory at England's Cambridge University, provided the theoretical underpinnings of modern solid-state physics in the 1920s. His later work with amorphous materials led to development of the "Mott model," a theoretical framework for understanding the properties of semiconductors made from amorphous materials such as sulfur, selenium and tellurium, all of which are far more economical to produce than crystalline components...
Exceptional Accuracy. Developed at a cost of $5,000,000, it uses conventional X-ray equipment to photograph the breast. The difference is in the developing. Instead of X-ray film, the xero-radiograph uses a selenium plate that has been specially treated to make it sensitive to X rays. Once exposed, the plate is inserted into a processor similar to an office copier, where it is "developed" electronically. The result is an exceptionally accurate Xerox "picture" of the breast, its internal tissues and any cancer that might be present...
...dealt that faith a shattering blow. In a survey of 969 of the country's 23,000 water-supply systems, HEW's Bureau of Water Hygiene found that some 900,000 persons in the tested areas were consuming water dangerously contaminated by such poisons as arsenic, lead, selenium and fecal bacteria. The water supply of another 2,000,000, though safe to drink, was held to be unacceptable in taste, odor or color. Since the bureau's survey sites were chosen as "reasonably representative," its report, projected to the entire population, could mean that millions of Americans...