Word: protocols
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Dates: during 1970-1970
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Japan and the United States are the only industrial nations which have failed to ratify the Protocol. Nevertheless, the U. S. has conscientiously abided by its terms without question-until Vietnam...
...Protocol can be interpreted as a very modest document. It binds nations to refrain from first use only in warfare. It does not exclude research and development, stockpiling, or retaliating with either chemical or biological weapons in international conflict. So if a nation wants to use lethal chemicals to control a domestic riot, the Protocol presents no problem...
...ambiguity is whether the Protocol pertains to tear gases and defoliants. The United States disagrees with the interpretation that includes these within the Protocol's scope. But the U. S. is finding itself in a lonely position...
...December, 1969, the United Nations General Assembly passed a Swedish resolution, 80-3, stating that the Geneva Protocol of 1925 included prohibitions against irritant gases and anti-plant chemicals. The U. S., along with Australia and Portugal, constituted the entire minority vote...
...danger is that the U. S. Senate may ratify the Protocol with a formal reservation excluding tear gases and defoliants. Such a move would set a precedent for further weakening the Protocol...