Word: protocols
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Atmospheric Research responds that waiting for absolute certainty about global warming will produce many years of policy paralysis. Thomas Lovejoy of the Smithsonian Institution agrees, noting that societies may pay a price for doing nothing that outweighs ) the expense of prudent preparation. While the world hailed the 1987 Montreal Protocol, designed to reduce chlorofluorocarbon output, the destruction of the ozone layer continued to accelerate because of CFCs already in use. Atmospheric chemist Sherwood Rowland of the University of California at Irvine is worried that similar delays in dealing with global warming will produce a treaty that is "a perfect autopsy...
Because of its prestige, the U.S. has the potential to do enormous good in promoting international treaties to heal the planet. Agreements like the 1987 Montreal Protocol, governing the release of ozone-damaging gases, serve the important function of reassuring nations that protecting the environment will not put them at a competitive disadvantage. So far, though, the Bush Administration has squandered the momentum generated by the Montreal agreement. Administration negotiators outraged nations in Africa, a prime dumping ground for hazardous wastes, by opposing important safety provisions in an international agreement on the shipment of toxic refuse...
...problem is and because taking strong steps against it could cause severe economic dislocations. The U.N. is sponsoring a major study that could provide the basis for a coordinated international approach to global warming. American leadership is critical to this effort, just as it was to the Montreal Protocol...
Delaney then asked a group of doctors to design a protocol, or test model, based on an FDA trial for a similar drug called Ricin Toxin. Delaney says several FDA and National Institutes of Health officials in Washington were told of Project Inform's proposed trial, which was planned for patients in San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York City. "At no time did anyone tell us to stop," he says. An FDA spokesman in Washington claims officials did not hear about the clandestine trials until well after they began...
...knew nothing of the secret protocol between Hitler and Stalin that contained provisions for the attack on Poland. German newspapers were full of reports of Polish violence and provocations against the German minority. Who knew whether the reports were correct? Most were believed...