Word: pre-nazi
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DIED. Christopher Isherwood, 81, British-born author whose fiction and nonfiction blended his real experiences with imagined ones, most notably in Goodbye to Berlin, his 1939 short-story collection about expatriates in decadent pre-Nazi Germany, which was adapted as I Am a Camera, a 1951 play and 1955 movie, and Cabaret, a 1966 Broadway musical and 1972 movie; of cancer; in Santa Monica, Calif. Always a rebel, he went to Berlin in 1929 to sample its illicit pleasures, as well as to visit his lifelong friend and sometime lover, W. H. Auden. An immigrant...
...separates two German histories. The moral rebirth of Germany after the war was, and is, premised on a radical discontinuity with the Nazi past. The new Germany is built around the thin strand of decency, symbolized by people like Adenauer and Brandt, that reaches back to the pre-Nazi era. If history is what the President wants to acknowledge, it is this German history that deserves remembrance. For Kohl and Reagan to lay a wreath at Bitburg is to subvert, however thoughtlessly, the discontinuity that is the moral foundation of the new Germany...
...Marcuse, American freedom was illusory. Drawing on his own disillusionment with pre-Nazi Germany, he developed the conviction that society is manipulated by its unscrupulous managers. A system of "total administration" in America co-opted and disarmed dissenters, he said. Giving them freedom to dissent was a way of allowing them to let off steam without threatening the power establishment. Thus tolerance was a form of intolerance, one of those paradoxes that abound in Marcuse. He wrote: "Freedom (of opinion, of assembly, of speech) becomes an instrument for absolving servitude...
...Passionate Physicist Max Born was a physicists' physicist. As head of the University of Gottingen's prestigious Institute of Theoretical Physics in the pre-Nazi era, he was one of the pillars of the flourishing German scientific community. A brilliant teacher, he attracted many of the great names of the atomic era-Oppenheimer, Teller, Fermi-to Göttingen's lecture halls and laboratories. Equally communicative outside the university, he produced a flood of books and essays to unravel the complex new physics for an uncomprehending public. But Born, who died in Göttingen last week...
Died. Ruth Fischer, 62, German Communist hoyden in the pre-Nazi Reichstag, who was expelled from the party in 1926, fled to France and then to the U.S., and who in 1947 denounced her brother, Ger-hart Eisler, as a top Kremlin agent in the U.S. and in 1948 wrote the scholarly anti-Communist Stalin and German Communism ; of a heart attack; in Paris...