Word: polio
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...January, 1955, Albert B. Sabin inoculated 30 volunteers at Ohio's Chillicothe Reformatory, with a weakened strain of live polio virus. Just three months later, Jonas E. Salk announced that he had successfully tested his dead polio virus vaccine on 440,000 elementary school students, and the United States Public Health Service (PHS) licensed six companies to produce the Salk vaccine. Since then U.S. polio cases, both paralytic and non-paralytic, have fallen from 28,985, in 1955, to 650 reported...
...Sabin went on with his studies, sending his virus strains for field trials abroad where they would not interfere with the results of the Salk program. At the end of 1959, almost half the U.S. population had received a Salk shot, and already the occurrence of polio had dropped 80%. By the same time, Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories had shipped Sabin's live virus doses to Mexico, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Malaya, Singapore, and the U.S.S.R. Over ten million people were vaccinated in these countries, while in the Belgian Congo 2.2 million took another live virus vaccine, developed...
...with Salk vaccine and, in fact, the persistence of immunity may conceivably approach that induced by natural infection in type, degree, and duration." And while the AMA urged wider use of Salk injections until Sabin was licensed, it noted that the Sabin protects against both paralytic and non-paralytic polio, whereas the Salk only prevents the former, that Sabin oral vaccine is easier to administer than the Salk needle type, and finally that Salk treatment is "80% or more" effective, rather than the "90% or more" which Dr. Salk and the PHS claim...
Last year, Canada and New York State banned the Sabin vaccine after cases of polio were reported among those who had been treated with the "Type III" vaccine, which immunizes against one of the three strains of the disease. But a Presidential commission recently cleared all three types of vaccine for national...
Only eleven cases of polio have been reported among the 31,000,000 people who have taken the Sabin vaccine...