Word: polio
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...Type 1 Sabin vaccine and purchased over one million emergency epidemic doses for cold storage at Atlanta's Communicable Disease Center. In March, 1962, the final Type III Vaccine was approved by the government. Then, in September, Canada suddenly suspended its use of the vaccine because four cases of polio had appeared among the 4,000,000 inoculated, and the PHS wished to check the possibility that the Sabin virus had caused the disease. In the U.S. eleven such cases were reported after 38,000,000 inoculations, and the victims had all exhibited symptoms after the use of Type...
...Salk in praise of his vaccine, protests from Sabin, a statement from New York Health Commissioner Hilleboe that he would only permit use of the Salk preparation, and a remark from Dr. Eichenwald of Cornell's New York Hospital insisting that oral vaccine "is safer and more effective against polio than Salk vaccination." Finally a government committee met in mid-December and Surgeon General Terry announced that "because potential risks of [oral] vaccination are believed by some to exist in adults, especially above the age of thirty, vaccination should be used for adults only with the full recognition...
...order to properly appraise the value of the two vaccines, one should examine their differences. Both are made from live polio viruses, cultured in test tubes on monkey kidney tissue. In the Salk process, the viruses are heated in formalin, killing them and making them safe for injection into the human blood stream. Fourteen days after the first shot, antibodies appear in the blood, giving a slight amount of protection against all three types of polio virus. Then a booster shot is administered and seven months later another booster, both raising the antibody level. A year later a fourth injection...
...Sabin live virus is taken orally, mixed with a syrup, on a sugar cube, or in a bonbon. Within one day it multiplies in the intestines, preventing the entry of the natural virus and protecting against non-paralytic polio, neither of which the Salk vaccine can do. Although one does of oral vaccine immunizes indefinitely against any one type of virus, three doses are needed for Types I, II, and III. The live virus, while too weak to attack the nerve tissue or produce symptoms of disease, causes the human host to produce the necessary antibodies. Furthermore, the virus retains...
While many doctors will continue to apply dead virus shots, the PHS noted that, despite the Salk campaign,...outbreaks and even some severe epidemics still occur.... [even] among individuals who have had 3 or 4 doses of the vaccine." Thus, even in the United States, the final end of polio may come only with the use of oral vaccine...