Word: physiologists
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Substitute Signals. The automated weedkiller technique was developed by Psychologist David Shapiro and Psycho-physiologist Bernard Tursky of Harvard Medical School. It was tried first on 40 people this spring. Not everyone was able to keep down with the beeps; one participant had a relapse after his wife, unaware that he had left his Bellboy in the car, drove off on a shopping trip. But of the original 40, including a telephone man who set up the beepers, 34 stuck it out until the system had cut them down to as few as four cigarettes a day. Some have even...
...Mars. In a number of studies, biologists have already shown that algae, plant seeds and even beetles can survive temperatures similar to those found on the red planet. "Considering the extreme conditions that organisms tolerate here on earth," adds the University of Hawaii's Sanford Siegel, a physiologist whose studies on low-temperature life have been supported by NASA, "I would be very surprised indeed if we didn't find life on other planets...
...precisely defined. Lay and medical dictionaries alike offer essentially circular definitions of it as hurt, distress or suffering-pain is pain. Half the medical textbooks say little about it, except for extreme and uncommon forms, and doctors learn correspondingly little about it in medical school. The great British physiologist Sir Charles Sherrington described pain as "the psychical adjunct of an imperative protective reflex." More simply, pain is what the victim perceives in his mind after he has touched a hot stove-and reflexively pulled back his hand to guard against further burn damage...
Talking Before Walking. Haldane fittingly began life as a prodigy. The son of an Oxford physiologist, he could read and talk almost before he could walk. It is said that once, when the talented toddler fell and cut his forehead, he inspected the blood with detachment and asked: "Is it oxyhemoglobin or carboxyhemoglobin?" At Eton, Haldane was regularly beaten by senior boys. But by the time he left school, he could read Latin and Greek, French and German, and, as he observed with matter-of-fact pride, "I knew enough chemistry to take part in research, enough biology...
...could easily be pulled, instead of sheared from the animal. And the un skilled farm labor needed for the simplified job would earn only about $2.50 per hour, sharply reducing costs to the wool industry. Taking up the project at Terrill's suggestion, Agriculture Biologist Ethel Dolnick and Physiologist Ivan Lindahl began feeding varying amounts of a nitrogen-mustard anti-tumor drug to experimental sheep...