Word: phosphorus
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Radioactive isotopes of phosphorus have been employed in palliative therapy in such conditions as leukemia and polycythemia; but the goiter treatment by means of radioactive iodine he holds, represents a "first" in what he hopes will be a long series of definitive treatment based upon the application of fundamental researches of the nuclear physicists...
There are plenty of propellants that burn when brought in contact with water, e.g., metallic potassium, sodium, white phosphorus, various metallic hydrides. Some of these can be used in convenient liquid form. When such fuels hit water, they decompose it violently by uniting with its oxygen, giving off heat and a large volume of hydrogen gas. The combustion chamber is shaped so as to make the expanding water-and-gas mixture shoot out the rear opening as a high-speed jet. The reaction from this drives the engine (and the torpedo) forward...
...technique consists of using a Geiger counter to locate and outline abnormal tissue in which has been built up a concentration of radioactive phosphorus. A new type of counter the size of a pencil was specially designed for this purpose...
...Superfort over Japan, Staff Sergeant Henry E. Erwin, of Alabama, picked up a burning phosphorus bomb with his bare hands, tossed it out a copilot's open window. Despite his searing burns, Erwin lived to have the Medal of Honor pinned on his bandages. Sergeant Thomas A. Baker, of New York, severely wounded on Saipan, refused to retreat, was left propped against a tree, with a pistol containing eight rounds. Later, when his body and empty pistol were found, eight Japanese lay dead around...
...detergent Santomerse, developed to make water "wetter," was found to be useful for leather and fur processing, railroad car cleaning and bubble baths). He also spent heavily on basic research. Result: Monsanto today makes 14 different raw materials for plastics, leads the world in production of lampblack and elemental phosphorus, turns out some 500 chemicals that other companies use in 20,000 different industrial processes...