Word: panamanians
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...policy for Latin America, which the U.S. Government has initiated with the shooting of defenseless Panamanians during the struggle of flag raising in the Canal Zone, can be entitled "how to make enemies and lose friends." Insecurity, arrogance, selfishness and cynicism were demonstrated by the "Zonians" in their violent action. Instead of leaving the decisions to teenagers, the Canal Zone authorities should have taken the necessary steps to execute the agreement between U.S. and Panamanian governments in relation to flag raising in the Canal Zone territory of the Republic of Panama. It is inconceivable that the greatest nation on earth...
From Foreign Minister Galileo Solis on down, Panamanians accused the U.S. of bad faith. "Yankee doublecross," snarled a Communist student leader. "The U.S. has never in the history of our treaty relations completely fulfilled its obligations, and those that have been fulfilled have been done tardily and grudgingly," muttered an angry Panamanian official...
Since then, in a series of agreements, the U.S. has upgraded local jobs and wages, though Zonians still draw a pay differential in all job classifications that embitters Panamanians. A Panamanian doctor earns $12,500 as head of the chest clinic at Gorgas Hospital in the Zone; his nearest American subordinate on the staff gets about $19,000. Nevertheless, the money Panamanians take home from the Zone gives the country's economy an important boost. In 1962, U.S. Zone operations poured more than $75 million into Panama, including $23 million in direct purchases and $33 million in wages...
...Zonians consider themselves the first line of defense against a Panamanian plot to seize a piece of U.S. property. They regard each U.S. concession as "appeasement," brought a lawsuit last year in a futile attempt to prevent the joint flying of flags. They have little contact with Panamanians; only about 10% of them bother to learn Spanish. A few Zonians even boast that they rarely cross the border to "the other side." But they do their jobs well and are quite satisfied with their way of life. "They have a right to be proud of building a neat little...
Twice in 1959, fierce riots broke out over Panama's demands for greater benefits. Since then, the U.S. has offered higher wages for Panamanian workers and half a dozen other concessions-along with twin flags as evidence of Panama's "titular sovereignty" over the Zone. But that satisfied neither Panama nor oldline U.S. residents, who feared that it would undercut their privileged position. Chiari has not yet spelled out his precise demands. But he surely will ask for greater control over the Zone and a vastly increased share of the revenues-he once mentioned $10 million a year...