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Angel Island, a wildlife preserve in the middle of San Francisco Bay, could be a priceless military museum as well. Instead, it is a monumental eyesore. An abandoned Nike site sits in a tangle of weeds. The remnants of a Japanese internment camp, a crumbling Civil War hospital and dilapidated WAC barracks are nearby. Shortly before the island was turned over to the California department of parks and recreation in 1963, says a parks official, hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of pointless damage was done by the military itself. Fine old marble fireplaces in the turn-of-the-century...
...series of heavily guarded military checkpoints. In the surrounding hills, thousands of troops are emplaced to block the traditional north-south invasion route. Along the 151-mile-long DMZ itself, more than 300,000 U.S., South Korean and allied troops stand guard, backed by a layer of Hawk and Nike Hercules antiaircraft missiles...
...advance in either offense or defense provokes efforts to restore the balance. Fourteen years ago, the So viets had no offensive-missile force to speak of, though they had the ability to build one. U.S. development started in 1955 and soon led to the first, primitive ABM project, the Nike-Zeus. Testing showed that Zeus could indeed stop an incoming missile under ideal conditions; dummy aggressors launched from California were intercepted by defenders based on Kwajalein...
During the Kennedy years and the first Johnson Administration, the White House and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resisted pressure from the military and Congress to set up some version of ABM. Meanwhile, the research effort led to Nike-X, an expanded and refined system that employs two types of missiles and electronically operated radars that can handle numerous targets simultaneously (see box next page). Theoretically, at least, the Nike-X proj ect ? which is still receiving $175 million a year in development funds ? thus overcame some of the main technical problems posed by Zeus...
Restraining Influence. Although most of IDA's projects are classified, they include work on such technical questions as ballistic-missile accuracy, surface-to-air missile guidance and the Nike-X warhead. IDA lately has broadened out to provide research on nonmilitary problems. It has studied the probable demand for a supersonic airliner, and is negotiating a research contract with the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Officials of IDA argue that if they were free to talk about its classified work, they could prove that the Institute has frequently been more of a restraining influence than an escalating pressure...