Word: mossadegh
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...next serious test began in 1951, when the popularly elected government of Premier Mohammed Mossadegh nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. In 1953, right-wing monarchists in the army unsuccessfully attempted to depose Mossadegh; the Shah was forced to flee to Rome. A few days later, however, a countercoup sponsored by the CIA restored him to the throne. The Shah launched a ruthless purge, particularly of remnants of the Communist Tudeh Party, which had been outlawed in 1948. He also organized a secret-police network, SAVAK, that was to become one of the most notorious in the world...
...very end, the conventional wisdom of Western diplomats and journalists was that the Shah would survive; after all, he had come through earlier troubles seemingly strengthened. In 1953 the Shah had actually fled the country. But he was restored to power by a CIA-inspired coup that ousted Mohammed Mossadegh, the nationalist Prune Minister who had been TIME'S Man of the Year for 1951 because he had "oiled the wheels of chaos." In 1963 Iran had been swept by riots stirred up by the powerful Islamic clergy against the Shah's White Revolution. Among other things, this well-meant...
Khomeini withdrew to the holy city of Qum, appointed a government headed by Mehdi Bazargan, an engineer by training and veteran of Mossadegh's Cabinet, and announced that he would confine his own role during "the one or two years left to me" to making sure that Iran followed "in the image of Muhammad." It quickly became apparent that real power resided in the revolutionary komitehs that sprang up all over the country, and the komitehs took orders only from the 15-man Revolutionary Council headed by Khomeini (the names of its other members were long kept secret). Bazargan...
President Carter claimed at the recent AFLCIO convention (11/15/79) that "We have done nothing for which any administration need apologize." Does President Carter fail to recall that in 1953, the popular government of Dr. Mossadegh was overthrown in a bloody coup d'etat orchestrated by the American administration through the Central Intelligence Agency? Has he forgotten that on June 5th, 1962, more than 10,000 innocent people were shot to death by the American-advised Iranian army? Does he not remember congratulating the Shah on the morning after Black Friday, September 8th, 1977, when the Shah's army shot down...
...meantime, the government closed down the offices of all but one opposition political party in Tehran. The exception was the National Front, the ineffectual old party of the late Premier Mohammed Mossadegh. The only party actually outlawed is the Kurdish Democratic Party, which is supporting the fight for Kurdish autonomy. But other parties will be either outlawed or kept under a tight rein. Among these is the pro-Moscow Tudeh (Communist) Party, which has followed the clergy's line so unashamedly that political observers in Tehran refer to the party's first secretary, Noureddin Kianuri, as the Ayatullah...