Word: mossadegh
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...ADMINISTRATION permit a left-leaning Grenadian government to replace the leftist one U.S. forces dislodged? The ambivalent role of American troops and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger '38's refusal to set a specific withdrawal deadline portend a disheartening, but hardly surprising, answer. We have toppled democratically elected governments (Mossadegh of Iran in 1953). We also support repressive dictatorships around the globe (Ferdinand Macros of the Philippines, Chun Doo Hwan of South Korea, etc.) to suit our own geopolitical and strategic interests. By ferreting out known Bishop supporters, the U.S. government is preventing the leaders of a major political faction...
...involved in two important coups a few years later. In Iran, American influence was solidified by the overthrow of Premier Mohammed Mossadegh's Soviet-supported regime in 1953 and the installation of the Shah. When the Guatemalan government of left-wing President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán threatened to expropriate the property of the United Fruit Co. and other U.S. interests, he was toppled in 1954 and replaced by a pro-American regime. In both cases, the interventions were successful but left a legacy of anti-U.S. bitterness...
...next serious test began in 1951, when the popularly elected government of Premier Mohammed Mossadegh nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. In 1953, right-wing monarchists in the army unsuccessfully attempted to depose Mossadegh; the Shah was forced to flee to Rome. A few days later, however, a countercoup sponsored by the CIA restored him to the throne. The Shah launched a ruthless purge, particularly of remnants of the Communist Tudeh Party, which had been outlawed in 1948. He also organized a secret-police network, SAVAK, that was to become one of the most notorious in the world...
...very end, the conventional wisdom of Western diplomats and journalists was that the Shah would survive; after all, he had come through earlier troubles seemingly strengthened. In 1953 the Shah had actually fled the country. But he was restored to power by a CIA-inspired coup that ousted Mohammed Mossadegh, the nationalist Prune Minister who had been TIME'S Man of the Year for 1951 because he had "oiled the wheels of chaos." In 1963 Iran had been swept by riots stirred up by the powerful Islamic clergy against the Shah's White Revolution. Among other things, this well-meant...
Khomeini withdrew to the holy city of Qum, appointed a government headed by Mehdi Bazargan, an engineer by training and veteran of Mossadegh's Cabinet, and announced that he would confine his own role during "the one or two years left to me" to making sure that Iran followed "in the image of Muhammad." It quickly became apparent that real power resided in the revolutionary komitehs that sprang up all over the country, and the komitehs took orders only from the 15-man Revolutionary Council headed by Khomeini (the names of its other members were long kept secret). Bazargan...