Word: localization
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Dates: during 1980-1980
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Rigid central planning destroys local initiative and leads to costly waste. One concrete example: at least 30% of Poland's total cement production is "lost" through careless handling and theft. Trainloads of raw materials disappear for months at a time, often bringing factories to a standstill. Says a scornful party member: "The workers sit at their machines three days a week and play cards, because there is nothing for them...
...afterglow of its August victory, the union negotiated by ultimatum: either give us what we want or we will strike. But the rank and file became more cautious late last month after the Warsaw local threatened a general strike over a series of political demands, some of which were aimed at the state security apparatus, the bedrock of Communist authority. Said Walesa then: "Let us not forget that tanks and rockets could also be the reply." On Dec. 5, Solidarity declared a six-week moratorium on strikes. It also toned down its rhetoric. When the government suspended screenings of Workers...
...food price riots. Fired for his attempts at labor organizing in 1976, he found work in a machine repair shop and helped found the underground Baltic Free Trade Unions Movement. He was sent as a delegate to the official union elections in 1979, but was outraged to find the local party secretary controlling the vote. "Why have I come here, to elect or to applaud?" he demanded. The answer: an unceremonious sacking...
...places in Ciskei, a Delaware-size tribal territory on the southeast coast of South Africa, women in bright bandannas and beads danced and sang the words Enkululele kweni (Go forward to independence). Since many of the voters could neither read nor write, election officials, under the close scrutiny of local police, showed them how to mark their ballots. The outcome was never really in doubt: by a lopsided vote of 295,891 in favor and only 1,642 against, the tribesmen chose to break away from South Africa and establish their own Republic of Ciskei...
...often handsome enough to compensate for deficits in the sales of adult books. Says Frank Scioscia, sales manager for junior books at Harper & Row: "The children's book business has enjoyed a consistent increase in sales, even though school funds have dried up, inflation is hurting, and local funds are not available. Prose, poetry and pictures for the young may be paying the rent in many bookstores...