Word: kurdish
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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When Iraq used poison gas to kill Kurdish civilians last year, the U.S. joined other nations in condemning chemical warfare. But last week it became clear that at least one American company has helped spread the deadly weapons. After Customs Service agents accused Baltimore-based Alcolac International, Inc., of illegally shipping hundreds of tons of thiodiglycol, a solvent that can be used in making mustard gas, the firm agreed to plead guilty to violating export laws. Prosecutors believe the chemical shipments eventually arrived in Iraq and Iran...
Iraq came under widespread criticism last year after it killed hundreds and perhaps thousands of Kurdish villagers with a chemical-weapons attack in the gulf war. Now U.S. officials confirm that Baghdad has been developing yet another form of warfare expressly banned by international law: biological weapons...
While chemical substances cause fatal gas burns in the lungs, germ warfare is designed to spawn epidemics of deadly diseases such as typhoid, cholera and anthrax. So far, there appears to be no evidence that Iraq has deployed germ warfare, despite allegations last September by Kurdish rebels that an outbreak of typhoid was caused by an Iraqi attack. But a purported document captured by Kurdish guerrillas a year ago refers to an inventory of "chemical and biological" materials in the hands of the Iraqi army. Dated Aug. 3, 1986, the document was released by London-based officials of the Kurdish...
...past 63 years, 131 nations have signed the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which outlaws the use of poison gases. Yet at least 17 countries are believed to possess chemical weapons. They were most recently used last March, with hellish results, when Iraq unleashed mustard and cyanide gases on its own Kurdish citizens...
...Khan Professor of Iranian History, Richard N. Frye has studied and taught courses on subjects from Zoroasterianism to the study of languages like Persian, Hebrew, Arabic, Kurdish and Pashto. A member of the Near Eastern Studies Center, the Linguistics Department and the History Department, not to mention the chairman of the Committee on Inner Asian and Altaic Affairs and a former editor of an archeological journal, Frye is involved in as many academic concerns as the numbers of languages he speaks...