Word: houphouet
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Says Ivory Coast President Felix Houphouet-Boieny: "Tribalism is the scourge of Africa." Unless tribalism goes, adds Kenya's Minister of Economic Planning Tom Mboya, "much of what we have achieved could be lost overnight." Yet no African leader would stamp out tribalism overnight, even if he could. For safety's sake, the leaders themselves pack their governments with fellow tribesmen. Houphouet-Boigny keeps Baule kinsmen in key posts. In his heyday, Ghana's deposed Kwame Nkrumah heavily favored aides from his Nzima tribe. Mboya, for all his brilliance, may never reach top power in Kenya because he belongs...
...intensely political experience, as the government props up student unions and factions to infuse a little nationalism into its future leaders. Much of this concern filters down to the Adzope level, especially during the summer when lycee or university students come home for vacation. Last July, President Felix Houphouet-Boigny spent over a week crisscrossing the country, holding local meetings with students to try to iron out any grievances which they might have...
...Congo President Joseph Mobutu to spare Tshombe's life, not only for humanitarian reasons but for fear that his execution might spark resentment, and perhaps even a new Congo revolt that could undermine Mobutu's regime. Such enlightened African leaders as the Ivory Coast's Felix Houphouet-Boigny and Leopold Senghor of Senegal are known to oppose any execution as crude blood revenge. And the spectacle of Tshombe's wife, Ruth, and one of her sons, Jean, 23, vainly pleading with the United Nations for a "world habeas cor pus" to save her husband did arouse...
American Aid. The Ivory Coast is solidly tied into France's African sphere of influence. Still, Houphouet-Boigny decided early this year on a greater display of self-sufficiency. Replacing Sailer as the Ivory Coast's top moneymen are two Africans. Mohamed Diawara, 35, a University of Paris mathematics graduate, is in charge of le Plan. And presiding as Minister of Finance and Economics is Konan Bédié, 32, a Baoule tribesman with an economics degree from France's University of Poitiers...
...also casting about for increased U.S. capital investment in the Ivory Coast. From a U.S. viewpoint, the generous "tax holidays" the Ivory Coast is willing to grant in return for investments make the idea attractive. But there is an Ivorian benefit too: every new U.S. investor makes Houphouet-Boigny a little more independent of his French advisers...