Word: hitachi
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...because their culture is not so deeply rooted in scientific rationalism. Says Bart Kosko, a Zadeh protege and a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California: "Fuzziness begins where Western logic ends." In the early '80s several Japanese firms plunged enthusiastically into fuzzy research. By 1985 Hitachi had installed the technology's most celebrated showpiece: a subway system in Sendai, about 200 miles north of Tokyo, that is operated by a fuzzy computer. Not only does it give an astonishingly smooth ride (passengers do not need to hang on to straps), but it is also 10% more...
Japan's quest to build the high-powered machines began in 1981, when the government arranged a $136 million supercomputer-research project. Three Japanese manufacturers -- Fujitsu, NEC and Hitachi -- account for 24% of the supercomputers sold to date. So far only U.S. and Japanese companies have entered the race. While Cray's machines still lead in worldwide sales, Japanese manufacturers may be pulling ahead by some measures of supercomputer performance, notably processing speed. Earlier this month NEC introduced a new series, called SX-3, billed as the world's fastest supercomputers, even though the machines will not be available until...
...across the Mississippi River in St. Paul, is the company from which Cray split off in 1972: Control Data Corp. CDC, which in 1983 created a supercomputer subsidiary called ETA Systems, is holding steady with a 12.7% market share. Coming up quickly is a trio of Japanese manufacturers -- NEC, Hitachi and Fujitsu -- that entered the supercomputer race in 1983 and has since captured 23% of the world market...
...products and processes suggests that Japanese innovations may on average be more significant than those of their American rivals. Moreover, the Japanese are snaring a fast-growing share of all U.S. patents. Last year, for the first time ever, the top three recipients of American patents were Japanese: Canon, Hitachi and Toshiba. General Electric, which had held the No. 1 spot for at least 25 years, until 1986, was in fourth place...
...Horizons considers 50 follow-up citations an extraordinarily high number. Canon's patent for the optical disc, one form of which is the compact disc sold in record stores, was mentioned 56 times. An antibiotic developed by Takeda Chemical Industries earned more than 100 subsequent citations. Among recent advances, Hitachi has patented various processes for a higher-resolution TV, called IDTV, which produces a much sharper picture than conventional color TV. Some Japanese innovations, like floppy computer disks and Sony's Walkman, have already produced marked changes in the American life-style...