Word: historians
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Here is no entrance except for friends," wrote one historian of the forbidding little (1.6 sq. mi.) island of Lundy. Rising like a granite fang out of the churning waters off the coast of Devon, the "isle of Puffins" has survived assault by the Spaniard, the Turk, the Frenchman and the Dutchman. But in all the 800 years since the King of England gave it over to one of his favorite barons, it has bowed to no nation for long-not even to its great neighbor, Britain...
...began to concentrate on the episodes surrounding the birth of Jesus, and Renaissance nobles as well as churches began to commission cribs. In the early isth century the talk of Florence was a presepio designed by the young artist Bernardo Buontalenti for the son of Cosimo de Medici. One historian described it as "most singular and new, for not only did one see the heavens open and clouds descend while a quantity of angels flew about and came down to earth, but the innumerable figures all walked toward the holy manger, assuming attitudes which indeed seemed entirely natural...
Operating since 1947 on a modest budget of less than $100,000 of public funds yearly, the institute's staff of 35 specialists, headed by scholarly, bespectacled Historian Helmut Krausnick, 54, has assembled and is sifting a mountain of documents of the Nazi years. Its findings of Nazi iniquity are made public in regular quarterly reports sent to 2,000 subscribers throughout the world, and in hundreds of "expert opinions" supplied on request to West German courts trying crimes of the Nazi period...
Spiegel's findings, praised by West German Historian Theodor Eschenburg as "serious and scientific," point out that the case against Hitler, Göring & Co. rests on hearsay as suspect as the Nazi accusation against the Communists. Spiegel had used, among other evidence, the institute's files in Munich. Historian Anton Hoch, the institute's archivist, accepting the scientific basis of Spiegel's findings, commented: "We must report atrocities such as Auschwitz and Belsen concentration camps, but for the sake of truth we must also show that Nazis were not to blame for the Reichstag fire...
...best-kept secrets of World War II was spilled by British Historian Arthur Bryant in a book called The Turn of the Tide (TIME, May 20, 1957). Who really devised the strategy that defeated Germany? Bryant's answer: General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1941 to 1946. How did Historian Bryant know? Because the general -now Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke-had said so in his diary, which is the meat and bones of The Turn of the Tide. As Brooke saw it, the Americans were military chumps and not always well-meaning ones. His boss...