Word: hidalgo
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...first, Conquistador Hernán Cortés, landed near Veracruz A.D. 1519 with horses and 600 men, defeated the Aztecs under Montezuma because the Indians believed the Spaniards to be brothers of a neglected god. Spain ruled for nearly 300 years before Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a parish priest in the village of Dolores, led forth a ragged army of Indians under the banner of Mexico's own Virgin of Guadalupe, sparked an uprising that ended Spanish rule...
...Crisscrossing the land was a symmetrical pattern of brand-new concrete canals and irrigation ditches filled with fresh water. Higher up, in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains that parallel the coast, lay the source of the life-giving moisture: the new, stone-faced $16 million Miguel Hidalgo Dam, finished last year...
...Orozco the great figures of what he called "The American Idea" were the enslaved Indian and peon, the conquerors like Cortez, the revolutionists Zapata and Padre Miguel Hidalgo. But Orozco alone of Mexico's Big Three took a hard second look at the world about him and had the courage to draw what he saw: the Marxist "liberator" in turn enslaving the revolutionaries, the Franciscan friar as the symbol of brotherly compassion. These views, plus his hatred of war and distrust of political panaceas, often brought his art into open conflict with the rhetoric of Rivera and the angry...
...came the inevitable uprising (actually touched off by a priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla), and for 50 years Mexico was a chaos of violence, weakness and naive hope. Under the iron dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, the clergy briefly regained its privileges, but the revolutionary constitution of 1917 again swept the church aside in one angry, Marx-muscled blow. By 1928, only 197 priests were permitted in Mexico-out of 4,593 some four years before. One provincial governor tried to force priests to marry. Revolutionary generals rode into churches on horseback, smashing altars, and many churches were converted to movie...
...status of woman in the modern world. She has, he thinks, lost the old ideal of marriage ("He shall be thy master"). The tradition that it is the man who generally breaks up a marriage is no longer true: "Today life makes such demands on man that the noble hidalgo Don Juan is to be seen nowhere save in the theater. More than ever, man loves his comfort . . . There is no longer a surplus of energy for window-climbing and duellos." Woman, meanwhile, will go to greater lengths than ever to find a husband, "by that quiet and obstinate wish...