Word: haciendas
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...wanted was set down with forceful simplicity in the Plan de Ayala, the catechism of Zapatismo and a landmark document in the history of Mexico's agrarian reform. Perhaps the most important point in the plan was the one that called for the surrender of one-third of hacienda lands to the farmers...
This summer, in such diverse settings as a Universalist church on Cape Cod, a 16th century hacienda near Taxco, Mexico, and a leafy glade on the shores of California's Lake Arrowhead, hundreds of amateur U.S. musicians are taking part in a series of workshops. Their subject: advanced noodling. Their instrument: the recorder, a kind of glorified penny whistle with a pedigree...
...Andean peaks divide the country into three mutually suspicious regions. To add to the sense of un-togetherness, 1% of the population owns 60% of the land, and in the bleak highlands, where half of the country's 5,000,000 people live in medieval squalor and ignorance, hacienda owners pay their workers as little as 5? a day. The four-man military junta that toppled hard-drinking President Carlos Julio Arosemena three years ago promised to change all that. In a blizzard of decrees, they set out on a daring program that sought moderate landreform, modernized tax collections...
...down the forbidding, 4,000-mile chain of Andes. In some countries the call for reform and development comes through loud and clear. In others, the attitudes of centuries are hard to change. Everywhere, it will be nip and tuck to meet the suddenly rising expectations. As one hacienda owner says: "We have held our Indians in bondage and misery since the Conquest. Now our day is passing, their day is dawning. The transition could be a nightmare...
...hundreds of decrees organizing a civil service, setting up a land reform, revising the tax system. New industry (paint, textiles, detergents) is flowing into Quito and Guayaquil. In the highlands, where half of Ecuador's 4,700,000 people (80% of them Indian-descended) still live, some hacienda workers are paid only 50 a day, are often treated with medieval cruelty. "On many haciendas," says a parish priest, "there is neither...