Word: geneticist
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...words in a novel, jumbling them up and then trying to re-create the original book, putting sentences, pages and chapters back in the right order. The chances of that happening with 100% accuracy are minuscule, which helps explain why cloning is so inefficient. Rudolf Jaenisch, a geneticist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, estimates that 4% to 5% of the genes in a cloned animal's genome are expressed incorrectly--probably because of faulty methylation. "If you reprogram, it affects the whole genome," he says. "From what we know, I would argue that cloned animals cannot be normal. They...
...your diet and your DNA. In the process, they hope eventually to give consumers more personalized advice about what to eat and drink to stave off heart disease, cancer and other chronic conditions of aging. "We are trying to put more science behind the nutrition," says Jose Ordovas, a geneticist at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts. "We want to finally understand why nutrients do what they do and to whom--why a low-fat diet may not work for some but works for others...
...fact, most of them have no apparent effect. The variants are not like the mutations most of us learned about in school--alterations that cause entire genes or series of genes to malfunction and that result in diseases like sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. Instead the changes nutritional geneticists are looking for are more like normal variations in the correct spelling of a word--say, theatre or theater, depending on whether you speak the Queen's English or American. "We all have these variants in our genes," says Ray Rodriguez, a geneticist at the University of California at Davis...
...experiment that deciphered codons of the standard genetic code, Leder has also made breakthrough contributions to oncology, including the creation and patenting of OncoMouse, a genetically modified mouse designed for cancer research. “His early work helped him establish himself,” said Nobel Prize-winning geneticist Philip A. Sharp, director of the McGovern Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Leder’s research eventually focused on cloning and efforts to isolate genes and describe their structure and sequence, Sharp says. Leder counts among his researchers current Princeton University President Shirley Tilghman, according to Sharp...
Because characteristics like limb development are governed by powerful families of genes known as Hox genes, the fishapod's curious mix of features intrigues developmental biologists as much as it does paleontologists. Recent experiments on mice by University of Geneva geneticist Denis Duboule and his colleagues, for example, show that Hox genes control limb development in two stages. "Even though the same genes are involved," says Duboule, "separate processes govern the development of arms and legs and the development of hands and feet...