Word: extraction
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Edward Hopper was one of Diebenkorn's inner jury of admired masters--no other American painter except de Kooning influenced him as much. What he liked in Hopper, Diebenkorn once laconically said, was "the diagonals." Not the mood: you can't extract a Hopperish melancholy from Woman in a Window, 1957, though her face is averted. What she might be thinking doesn't count; she's a model, not a narrative. What does count is the confluence of vectors--the square window with its two planes of blue sea and sky, the tabletop rushing away to the right...
...face and pulls out two yellow, legal-size pages of scrunched-up notes to defend his record there from 1989 to 1993. Critics charge that he took the once profitable carrier, burdened by debt from the LBO, to the brink of bankruptcy. Checchi used his charisma to extract some $800 million in union concessions and an additional $837 million in state and local bonds, subsidies and tax credits--while earning $32 million in management and investment fees for his outside firm...
...mention of the ancient remedy had ever appeared in the prestigious Journal of the American Medical Association--until last week. The first double-blind study in the U.S. on the effects of ginkgo, researchers say, proved that an extract of ginkgo has a small but measurable effect on dementia. "Ginkgo is no miracle," says Dr. Pierre LeBars, a neurologist at the New York Institute for Medical Research in Tarrytown, N.Y., and the study's principal investigator. "But we have some patients who have stabilized for four years...
...seems to be a substance extracted from the leaves of young ginkgo trees that scientists have dubbed EGb 761. In Germany, where ginkgo sales topped $163 million last year, the extract has been the subject of hundreds of scientific studies, some even bigger than the one reported in JAMA. These studies show that among other things, EGb 761 helps keep platelets in the blood from clumping together. That's why ginkgo extract is prescribed in low doses (40 mg a day) in Europe for patients with circulatory problems. Much higher doses (240 mg a day) are used to treat dementia...
What makes the JAMA study particularly noteworthy is its rigorous design. The researchers started with 309 test subjects who either had Alzheimer's disease or had suffered a stroke. These were randomly divided into two groups. One was given 120 mg of ginkgo extract, the other a placebo. Neither the doctors nor their patients knew who had been given what until the end of the study. Meanwhile, researchers measured mental deterioration using three standardized tests. The improvements were modest--a few points, say, on a 70-point scale--and showed up in only two of the three tests, but because...