Word: effects
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...drugs' benefits extended beyond that. In one four-year trial, orlistat reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes by almost a third; orlistat and rimonabant both cut patients' blood pressure; all three drugs lowered certain kinds of cholesterol. Not much data exists yet on the drugs' long-term effect on sickness and mortality, but further trials are underway...
...course, China's top leaders are keenly aware of this possibility. In an Oct. 15 speech during the Chinese Communist Party's congress, President Hu Jintao declared that fighting graft is critical to "the party and its very survival." But previous clean-up efforts have had little effect. Of the 133,467 officials who were investigated for corruption between 2003 and 2006, just 427 were referred to the judiciary for criminal proceedings, according to Ouyang Song, deputy head of the Party Central Committee's Organization Department. Despite some signs of improvement, such as a growing reliance on investigators from distant...
...largest economy a leftist basket case. Instead, inflation has fallen from 12.5% in 2002 to less than 4% today. Brazil's real has climbed 56% against the U.S. dollar, and the São Paulo stock exchange, the Bovespa, is soaring. And since the U.S.-Chile free-trade agreement took effect in 2004, Chilean exports to the U.S.--including all that Cabernet--have risen...
...some nations attain long-term economic growth and an ever higher standard of living while others don't? What determines whether people in your part of the planet live in McMansions, mobile homes or mud huts? In the 18th century, proto-economist Adam Smith pointed to the transformative effect of the division of labor. In the 19th, David Ricardo highlighted the benefits of trade. In the 20th, Harvard University's Michael Porter made the case for industry clusters. Geography, physical capital, technology, worker education--they've all taken a turn as the supposed silver bullet...
...that slotting has something of a leveling effect. When you've got an early-stage economy, you can make real strides by shoring up telephone service and property rights, but once you've got infrastructure and stable institutions, only innovation, such as new technologies, can keep the momentum going. Competitiveness, then, is not about absolutes but about being able to make the most of what you have...