Word: diffracted
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...Hauptman's work was an advance in the field of X-ray crystallography, which has been employed since 1912 to examine the architecture of substances that have been crystallized. An X-ray beam is aimed at a crystal. As the beam travels through it, the crystal's atoms diffract, or scatter, the rays, producing fuzzy spots of varying intensity on film. The resulting diffraction pattern looks something like strings of beads. Although each type of crystal creates a distinctive design, the patterns are extremely intricate and were once very difficult to interpret. To get beyond the primitive and tedious practice...
Remembering that radio waves diffract (bend) around obstructions, the IBM engineers calculated that they could twist their transmissions right over the top of mountains and other obstructions with out building repeater stations on top. They set up a weak, 15-watt transmitter 45 miles south of San Jose, Calif., on the other side of Loma Prieta, a 3,798-ft. peak in the Santa Cruz mountains. Then they pointed their transmitter's beam of 1,855-megacycle waves in the general direction of San Jose. When the beam was aimed too high, its waves shot off into space; when...
...there is a flexible guide to ease the tube's passage, a small light and a prism which protrude on one side. Inside the tube, one above the other, are set more than 40 lenses. No matter which way the tube is bent within the patient, the lenses diffract the image at the bottom of the tube so that the physician has a clear view of the stomach wall as he twists the gastroscope. Insertion of the instrument is easy: the physician anesthetizes the patient's throat, grasps the gastroscope in both hands like a billiard cue, pokes...
...three hours and interpreted in a few minutes. The new method has its greatest usefulness in the study of materials which are opaque to X-rays, as are most metallic crystals. In most of these crystals the plane surfaces of the atoms lying in regular pattern diffract the X-rays within a relatively thin surface layer of the crystal. The method invented by Mr. Greninger is a variation of the method devised by Max Laue, 20 years...
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