Word: deeper
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Dates: during 1990-1990
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Initially Gorbachev believed he could restructure the country by replacing hacks with doers, offering real rewards for hard work and cutting back on the consumption of vodka. In short, he counted on the restoration of discipline. It took two years for him to discover that the problems were much deeper and that the solutions would have to be much more far-reaching and disruptive. He realized, he said, that "cosmetic measures" would not work, and so "we arrived at the concept of perestroika as the revolutionary renovation of socialism, of our entire society." What this grand but vague formulation...