Word: cortexes
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...Hubel and Wiesel's knowledge of the way the brain processes information from the eye advances the study of the full cortex--10 billion neurons folded together at the brain's crust that may be the key to man's development over other animals...
...goal is to understand how images from the eye are translated in the visual cortex to the language of the brain, Hubel says. The dream is to map the machinery of the mind...
...search of what they call the "neural substrate," the two researchers began implanting sensitive electrodes into the brains of anesthetized monkeys. The electrodes monitored individual cell responses from within the visual cortex; in a laborious process, Hubel and Wiesel tested the reaction of specific cells in specific areas of the visual cortex to the specific images placed before a monkey's eyes...
...apparatus was simply a slide show for the anesthetized monkeys. The knowledge of which cells would send out electrical impulses in response to--or "recognition" of--which visual patterns could offer a map of the architecture of the visual cortex...
...breakthrough came in what both Hubel and Wiesel say was an accident. The cells of the monkey's visual cortex failed to "recognize" white dots on the screen, but reacted regularly while the researchers were changing slides. "It wasn't the dot at all, but the edge of the glass" on moving slides, Hubel says...